0000004585 00000 n This piece reviews major literature on the importance of land and land reform processes in the developing world with more emphasis on the situation in Ghana. South Africa: The unknown impact of land reform More than two decades after the end of apartheid in South Africa, the unequal distribution of land remains. The forms of tenure range from temporary, conditional holding to ownership in fee simple, which confers total unencumbered rights of control and disposal over the land. %%EOF This essentially entails the acquisition of land by the government on the basis of the willing buyer–willing seller principle. Author of. These political objectives tend to undergo change during the period of implementation and are, therefore, kept vague enough to permit flexibility and modification as conditions change. Finally, reform aims at coordinating agriculture with the rest of the economy. Indian context, this is due primarily to land reforms that change the terms of land contracts rather than actually redistributing land. IMPACT OF LAND REFORM ON LAND RIGHTS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF CALABAR) TABLE OF CONTENTS. 0000001148 00000 n Background of the Study; Statement of the Problem %PDF-1.4 %���� The concentration of land in the hands of big landowners has not... 3. The reformer, in this case, will introduce and implement just enough reform to appease the peasants and contain the conflict. The emotive quality of land policies evokes painful legacies fuelled by disappointments with the official land reform programme ushered in by the new Constitution of 1996. Most capitalist reforms are based on the premise that individual private ownership in the form of independent family farms will promote and sustain democratic institutions. In addition, land reform has increasingly been used to encourage investments in rural areas to enable rural transformation [22] . Thus reform may be considered a problem-solving mechanism. Therefore, reform aims at creating farms of optimum size given the land quality, the crop, and the level of technology. The proclaimed purposes of land reform, however, will be the point of departure in this article. This papers assesses the overall impacts of the government’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme on the agricultural sector. But this depends upon how effective the land reforms are. Efforts have been made to encourage agricultural progress by means of agrarian reform in favour of the peasant who does not own his land or whose share of the crop is relatively small, and who therefore has little incentive to invest capital or expend effort to improve the land and raise productivity. Finally, reform may be introduced simply as the most expedient way to resolve a crisis or avoid a revolution. It also deals with the state of technology, or with any combination of these factors, as shown by modern reform movements, regardless of the political or ideological orientation of the reformers. 0000002218 00000 n The above effects may not be visible in the data over a longer horizon if there are ot… The impact of post independent land reforms on the farm worker community can therefore be assessed in terms of how government has sought to address the three components of the land question: and how this has in turn impacted on policies that govern the working and living conditions of farm workers. Nurlan Almaganbetov was an IPF fellow from 2004-05 and he carried out extensive fieldwork in different parts of Kazakhstan in order to assess some of the impacts of recent land reforms. The patterns of wealth and income distribution and of social and political influence are partly determined by the laws governing land tenure. As the per capita land area declines, the relative value of land rises, and land becomes increasingly a source of conflict among economic and social groups within the community. Reform is usually introduced by government initiative or in response to internal and external pressures, to resolve or prevent an economic, social, or political crisis. They try to create employment opportunities and education and health services and to redistribute the benefits to the community at large, the younger generation as the main target. End of Feudalism:. The abolition of intermediaries has stopped exploitation. 123 0 obj<>stream These functions are often expected to be performed simultaneously. Bank , Tim GB Hart , Human Sciences Research Council 0 This major restructuring of course has had knock-on consequences for the agricultural sector as a whole. The land reform programme was described as illegal and a failure. Land tenure reform seems to have been of little significance in creating substantive economic change, although it has been important for improving the status of … x�b```f``z������� �� �@���q !�"�. undergone land reform had more favourable rates of economic development than countries which were reluctant to accept land reform. on land reform impacts has been at a highly aggregate level (state or district level) and failed to distinguish the types of reform with varying outcomes. Land reform in South Africa is the promise of "land restitution" to empower farm workers (who now have the opportunity to become farmers) and reduce inequality. Changing over to Market Economy:. Reforms such as these may be proclaimed by a government, by interested groups, or by revolution. Transfer of land … • Section 79 (A), (B) and (C), that regulated the ownership of agricultural land, have been deleted. <<8dbc26d6df0dac48a028c725dd4493f4>]>> This literature review also examines the impact of neoliberal policies on the property rights approach and the traditional land … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 0000002734 00000 n Because of land reforms the economic power of the land lords in the rural areas comes down. How land reform and rural development can help reduce poverty in South Africa September 28, 2017 2.46pm EDT Leslie J. [13] While his long reign has drawn criticism from western observers, he has remained the biggest supporter of the land reform in R… Land reform has had a serious negative effect on the Zimbabwe's economy and heavily contributed to its collapse in the 2000s. A key element that impacts upon the way in which land restoration is approached is whether land reform is market-driven, non-market driven or a combination of the two. 0000003035 00000 n The impact of land reform on growth also depends upon the type of land reform… Abolition of Jamindars and Jagirdars: The powerful Jamindars and Jagirdars have become inexistent. 0000008692 00000 n Consistent with the antipoverty impact, we find that land reform has raised agricultural wages. In recent decades the concept has been broadened in recognition of the strategic role of land and agriculture in development. Corrections? CHAPTER ONE. Meaning of Land Reforms: Land reform is a broad term. This study reviewed policies and literature on land reform, and analyzed beneficiary participation in reformed farms and the impact of land reform on land use in land restitution and land redistribution farms in the Waterberg District Municipality. 0000000016 00000 n Historically, land reform meant reform of the tenure system or redistribution of the land ownership rights. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. There has been a significant drop in total farm output which has led to instances of starvation and famine. Land reform aims is to foster national development and prosperity through access to land and security of tenure for poorer citizens and victims of colonial land or state-led dispossession. • An amendment has been made to Section 63 of the Land Reforms Act which means that now, a family can own almost 200 acres of land. During the British period, the agrarian and social structure tended to perpetuate a... 2. Britannica now has a site just for parents! Impact. 121 18 Excessively large farms (latifundia) and excessively small farms (minifundia) tend to be inefficient. The model, calibrated to pre-reform farm data from the Philippines, implies that on impact the land reform reduces average farm size by 34% and agricultural productivity by 17%. Instead of land reform creating a magnet for agricultural development, the program has hampered such growth. Land reform has resulted in a very di"erent farming sector, but one that is not without considerable entrepreneurial dynamism and productive potential. Critically examine the impact of land reforms on Indian economy and society. This is the reason that land reforms got success either in socialistic countries, or in the strict ideological countries like Israel and India. Concentration of Land with Big Landowners:. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Another mechanism has been to encourage labour-intensive cultivation, on the assumption that traditional or feudal landowners often use their land extensively and wastefully. The government intervention in the redistribution of land and ban on subsequent transfer are key for the magnitude of the results since a market allocation of the above-ceiling land produces only about one third of the size and productivity effects. 121 0 obj <> endobj Land Reform Programme (FTLRP), which started in 2000, has created an expanded number and array of small, medium and large scale farms, and … They define the land title and the extent to which the owner can freely dispose of it and of the income accruing from its use. 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